BAKHTEROV T. SPIRITUAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN AN ORTHODOX SCHOOL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IDEAS OF THE CLASSICS OF RUSSIAN PEDAGOGY. LIFELONG EDUCATION: The 21st Century.
2026. Vol. 14. No. 1. DOI: 10.15393/j5.art.2026.11044


Vol. 14. No. 1.

Innovative approaches to lifelong learning
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SPIRITUAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN AN ORTHODOX SCHOOL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IDEAS OF THE CLASSICS OF RUSSIAN PEDAGOGY

BAKHTEROV Timofey V.
Director
General Educational Autonomous Non-Profit Organization «School of St. Philaret of Moscow»
(Moscow, Russian Federation)
7263422@gmail.com
Keywords:
spiritual and moral development
theoretical foundations
modern school student
pedagogical heritage
K. D. Ushinsky
V. A. Sukhomlinsky
integrative model.		 Abstract: the article reveals the theoretical foundations of the spiritual and moral development of the modern school student's personality through a systematic analysis of the pedagogical heritage of K. D. Ushinsky and V. A. Sukhomlinsky. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for scientific comprehension of ways to integrate classical pedagogical concepts into the practice of modern education in the context of digitalization and value transformation of society. The theoretical basis of the study was the fundamental works of K. D. Ushinsky and V. A. Sukhomlinsky. The methodology includes comparative analysis of the classical educators' pedagogical systems, historical-pedagogical reconstruction of the principles of spiritual and moral education, and theoretical modeling. An integrative model of school students' spiritual and moral development has been developed, synthesizing Ushinsky's anthropological approach and Sukhomlinsky's personality-oriented paradigm. The mechanisms of translating classical principles (national character, education of feelings, value of labor) into the modern educational context have been identified. The pedagogical conditions for effective implementation of the classical educators' theoretical provisions in the practice of modern schools have been determined. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the systematization of scientific ideas about spiritual and moral development of personality in the pedagogical heritage of Ushinsky and Sukhomlinsky. The practical value consists in the development of methodological tools for designing educational work in educational institutions. Research prospects are related to the development of specific methods for implementing the proposed model in school practice.
Paper submitted on: 10/10/2025; Accepted on: 02/20/2026; Published online on: 03/26/2026.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j5.art.2026.11044